First, a quick intro to "Good Samaritan" laws. They are laws enacted to protect those coming to the aid of another from prosecution for any harm that may come to a person due to emergency care rendered. These laws vary from state to state regarding whom they protect and in what ways. Here is an excerpt from California's via this article from the LA Times whic has a story about the incident I am going to bring up:
"No person who in good faith, and not for compensation, renders emergency care at the scene of an emergency shall be liable for any civil damages resulting from any act or omission"Enter a case out of California. Lisa Torti saw her coworker in a car crash. Her coworker, Alexandra Van Horn, was paralyzed in the car crash. Torti claims to have seen smoke and liquid coming from the vehicle and feared an imminent explosion[1]. She ran to the car and pulled an unconscious Van Horn from the vehicle, yanking her from the car "like a rag doll"[2].
Van Horn sues. Torti appeals. They end up at the state supreme court. The court hears both sides and concludes in a 4-3 decision that the above law did not protect Torti because pulling Van Horn from the car did not qualify as "medical care."
In a dissent written by Justice Marvin Baxter, the minority deemed “illogical” recognition of legal immunity for nonprofessionals administering medical care while denying it for nonmedical actions, like saving a person from drowning or carrying an injured hiker to safety.I gotta say that I side with the dissent here. But the problematic aspects of this ruling aren't why I am writing this.
"One who dives into swirling waters to retrieve a drowning swimmer can be sued for incidental injury he or she causes while bringing the victim to shore, but is immune for harm he or she produces while thereafter trying to revive the victim," Baxter wrote. "Here, the result is that defendant Torti has no immunity for her bravery in pulling her injured friend from a crashed vehicle, even if she reasonably believed it might be about to explode."
Let's contrast this with Vermont's Good Samaritan's law:
A person who knows another is exposed to grave physical harm shall, to the extent that the same can be rendered without danger or peril to himself or without interference with important duties owed to others, give reasonable assistance to the exposed person unless that assistance or care is being provided by others.In case you didn't catch it, Vermont requires you to help. Remember Seinfeld's series finale? Yeah, that kind of requires.
So let me ask, what would happen California had the same type of requirement? Or what if Vermont had a judge who ruled similarly to this California ruling?
You can't not help but you can be sued if you do.
Think it can't happen? I wouldn't hold my breath...
So what do you think about mandatory help laws? The California ruling?
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[1] Chances are that what she saw was some liquid, probably antifreeze and the "smoke" was actually steam from the antifreeze hitting the hot engine. Doubtful if there was any real danger of explosion at all, but I used to be in emergency services and have learned about this stuff. The general public has not and only knows what they see on TV. I could talk for a while about the ways in which ridiculously unrealistic cinematic special effects have warped the ability for the public at large to react to real life situations, but that is a different subject entirely.
[2] I heartily object to this phrase as it implies carelessness. How easily and carefully could you be when pulling an unconcscious adult from a car? Would they be limp and flop around?

3 comments:
I love your footnote on the "rag doll" part. I mean really an adult can pull a child out of a car like a rag doll, and the hulk can pull and adult out of a car like a rag doll, but an adult is just going to be dragging another adult out of the car.
Is there any federal statute she can appeal to?
This sort of discussion is common fare in first-year law school courses. You aren't likely to see a cross-pollination of Good Samaritan laws between California and Vermont because the two jurisdictions have taken diverging approaches. And remember that most other states are somewhere in the middle. This is one area in which the intuitive understandings of the average person may not come close to the legal requirements, which is usually a good sign of ineffective or transitional jurisprudence.
Jeremy: To my knowledge there is no federal Good Samaritan law, so there is nothing on that level with which she can respond. I suppose she could always appeal to the next level of court, but I am not a lawyer so I am not sure how that would work, what the possibilities are, and what the likelihood of a reversal would be.
Peter: It is nice to hear someone with some legal education reaffirm the unlikelihood of such legal aspects mixing. While I am a firm believer that one should help another in need, it is probably better that such affirmative duty to rescue laws are rare in our litigious society unless the tort immunity laws can be crafted more carefully and realistically.
Thanks to both of you for your comments.
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